In the autumn auction of Shanghai Duo Yun Xuan in 2010, a Wu Hufan painting titled "Xiao Xiang Tu" was estimated between 30,000 and 50,000 yuan, but it eventually sold for an impressive 837,600 yuan. Although this amount may seem modest compared to today’s high-profile art sales, the piece's small size—just 22 by 26 centimeters, or roughly 0.6 square feet—makes its value even more remarkable. The artwork itself is a delicate depiction of the "Li Bo Shi Xiaoxiang Map," inspired by the style of Mi Yuan’s "Hui Yunshan." It was created by Wu Hufan, who was known as Ye Yuyuan, a renowned calligrapher and painter from Dongtingshan, Wuxian, Jiangsu. He spent most of his career in the arts, working at the Shanghai Chinese Painting Academy and being a member of the Xiling Yinshe. This particular work showcases his elegant literary style, and what excites collectors is that it was painted on "Flower Corner" paper—a rare type of stationery used during the Yongzheng and Qianlong eras. These papers are mostly blank, with only a small printed pattern in the lower left corner, making them highly collectible.
Investing in calligraphy is just as important as investing in paintings, and it significantly influences market prices. For example, during the 2010 autumn auction by China Guardian, a Hu Shi ink painting titled "Suan Sutuzhai (Qing Jiang Yin Ci)" was valued between 180,000 and 250,000 yuan, and it ultimately sold for 1.23 million yuan. The piece was written on twelve-line letter paper, with the phrase “Letters for Evening Learning†in the bottom left corner, signed by Zhang Chong and the old Tibetan.
During the Qing Dynasty, flower-patterned paper was considered luxurious and highly valuable. Known as “huajian,†these papers were once commonly used by ordinary people for writing, but very few have survived to this day. The history of huajian dates back to the Tang Dynasty, but only Song Dynasty examples remain in physical form. Ming Dynasty huajian is extremely rare, while Qing Dynasty versions were more common. However, the golden age of flower paper was during the late Qing period, when both Beijing and Shanghai became centers of production. Renowned paper shops like Qingyi Pavilion in Beijing, Rongbaozhai, and Duoyunxuan in Shanghai were famous for their high-quality handmade paper. The older the paper, the more intricate the color design, and the better the engraving, the higher the value. Many great calligraphers and painters preferred such exquisite paper, with stories even circulating about how Qi Gong refused to write on certain expensive paper.
Paper quality also plays a key role in determining the authenticity of a painting. For instance, Xuan Dejian paper wasn’t widely used before the Xuande era of the Ming Dynasty. Waxy paper became popular during the mid-Qianlong to Daoguang periods. Similarly, modern paper has its own distinct characteristics. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were differences between the paper used then and the ones produced today. However, counterfeiters often use old-style paper to deceive buyers. Recently, a Shen Yunmo poem was found on a thin film, supposedly written on Jiuhua Church paper. The content referenced a famous seal engraver, Qian Junxi, and the paper appeared very aged. In reality, it was a reproduction printed on real old paper, making it highly deceptive.
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