Small and medium-sized service enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta have to solve their problems

Recently, due to the tightening of the capital chain, the headquarters of private enterprises in Wenzhou has emerged the phenomenon of escape of SME bosses. This not only reflects the plight of SMEs in Wenzhou, but also reflects the status of the entire domestic small and medium-sized enterprises. In the first half of this year, the National Federation of Industry and Commerce spent more than two months conducting systematic research on 16 provinces including Jiangsu. As a result, it has been found that the situation of SMEs, especially small and micro enterprises, may be even more difficult than in the 2008 financial tsunami. Recently surveyed a number of SMEs, the outlook is not optimistic.

In order to give emergency blood transfusions to small and micro enterprises (small and micro enterprises) trapped in financial difficulties, on October 12, the State Council executive meeting launched nine financial and fiscal policies and measures to support the development of small and micro enterprises, and Nanjing has recently introduced The "Opinions on Addressing the Current Economic Situation and Maintaining a Steady and Healthy Operation of the Economy" ensures that the growth rate of SMEs will not be lower than the average growth rate of the entire economy.

Liu Dong, who was interviewed by the Express in June this year, suddenly resigned. This made Express reporters feel very surprised.

Liu Dong’s previous company was a large garment manufacturer in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. At the peak, he had more than 1,000 workers and several branch factories. Liu Dong has been vice president for nearly 10 years. When interviewed by the Express in June of this year, Liu Dong talked about the factory's cost control and development strategy. However, when the Express reporter once again dialed his office phone, he was told that he had left the company two months ago. After passing through, Express reporter finally saw Liu Dong in the office of a precision machinery company in Yangzhou.

Talking about his years of work in the company before, Liu Dong missed her and was full of helplessness.

The zero-profit executives of garment exports switched to a good time at the beginning of the high-tech century. “In addition to leaving, there are no Other choices. There is no taste for going down there. It is tasteless.” Liu Dong said with a smile, although he played for the old club. In 10 years, there are also many emotions, but the power of one person is very small. "Even if you continue to linger there, you can't change anything. You can only sacrifice."

Liu Dong was qualified as a veteran of the local garment processing industry. He founded a textile factory and a printing and dyeing factory 10 years ago and later transferred it to relatives for various reasons. In 2002, after a friend's recommendation, he went to the clothing company as a senior management.

"At that time, the garment processing was very well done. The workers were everywhere and the wages were not high. The appreciation of the *** had not yet become a problem." Talking about the good situation, Liu Dong could not help but dance. He told reporters that at that time, the average monthly salary of a worker was only about 1,000, and the highest net profit per contract had reached 20%. So in the past few years, companies have expanded significantly. Their companies have successively opened several branch factories. The maximum number of workers has reached more than 1,000, and a large number of equipments are purchased every year. Three shifts are carried out, and workers have to work overtime on weekends.

However, Liu Dong also said frankly: "At that time, the labor law was very loose, and as long as the workers agreed to work overtime and in terms of benefits, they had to be screened each time they were recruited. Older people or those who had no work experience were reluctant to use it."

As the financial crisis struck, it was time to go. However, those good days came to an abrupt halt because of the 2008 world financial crisis.

“The order that was the first to be hit was from the end of 2008 to the end of 2009, because orders suddenly fell sharply.” At that time, Liu Dong said that his first feeling was panic because the previous capacity expansion was large, if there was no order, Workers and machines must be idle and there will be large expenditures every day.

Liu Dong recalled that during that time, he called and communicated with peers every day to inquire about foreign information. In the past, they had many surplus orders subcontracted to other small factories.

Later orders fell, and those subcontracting factories still frequently asked for orders for them. Liu Dong explained: “A lot of small factories do not trade, they pick up orders through trading companies and big factories. They don’t know the situation without a list. Later, they heard that some factories closed their doors and they could be said to be Come out early."

Mr. Lu, who is also the head of another well-known outdoor product company in the same district, told reporters: “There was a period of time that produced 20 million yuan worth of products, and only sent out 15 million and inventoryed 5 million.” The reason is that many foreign businessmen suddenly did not The money is delivered, so it can only be accumulated in the warehouse, and before that, how many of their products are sold. However, this wave of shocks did not last long. Starting from the second half of 2009, orders for foreign trade factories began to gradually warm up. In 2010, after the Chinese New Year, many foreign trade companies re-ordered blowouts, even in March and April. Year's orders.

However, facts have proven that the recovery of orders has not only become a starting point for them to show their glory again, but has become a nightmare for some companies.

*** The revaluation of the mountains to suppress the top "Three years ago, it felt that workers were not enough, and workers resigned more and more, but the workers who went to work to find jobs were not as many as before." Liu Dong recalled that by 2009, Many posts in the factory have already had a gap phenomenon, and even have to rotate from other positions.

Liu Dong said that the implementation of the new "Labor Contract Law" in 2008 has greatly increased the mobility of workers and triggered a wave of rising wages. "Now most factory workers have wages of more than 2,000 yuan, and salaries for important technical jobs are at least 3,000 yuan. Otherwise, workers will not look at it. This is nearly double the number of years ago."

Liu Dong expressed his understanding of this phenomenon. “In the past, low wages were not normal. Now that the improvement is due to the fact that they are still owed,” it was later discovered that even if the wages were raised, it was difficult to recruit people. The most troublesome thing.” Liu Dong told reporters that the number of workers this year has fallen by more than 50%, but the cost of labor has increased by more than 40%. “This may also be one of the reasons for the sharp increase in orders in the past two years because many factories cannot produce due to lack of work.” The more serious situation is not limited to this. Liu Dong said that the biggest impact on the company is the appreciation of the ***. For example, when a foreign customer places an order, the exchange rate is not the same as when the payment is settled.

According to the Central Bank's data, the nominal and real effective exchange rates of *** have appreciated by 13.5% and 23.1% respectively since October 13, 2005, after the exchange rate reform in July 2005. Since the beginning of 2011, the exchange rate of *** against the US dollar has risen by 4.3%.

The increase in labor costs can also be solved by ways such as increasing productivity and reducing the number of workers. However, the appreciation of *** cannot be countered at all because every order received must be affected by it. Liu Dong said that a few years ago, the net profit of the apparel industry was still 10%. Now, if you exclude the price increase factor, you must lose money. For price hikes, Liu Dong reluctantly waved his hand: “This is only a theoretical possibility. In fact, the price increase rate is very small. If too much price increases, they can go to the Midwest or Southeast Asia.”

The bank began to rush for funds. "Now the factory has no profit. If we can't bear the profits, we can only borrow money if we can't bear to eat old books." Liu Dong said, "We must prepare stocks for production. Now the price of raw materials has risen from two years ago. More than twice as much, but the order advance is not enough, and usually pay workers every month, this is absolutely not arrears, and now many foreign trade companies' funds are almost ready to make room for food."

Liu Dong told reporters that in the past it was still possible to borrow money from the bank, as long as there are fixed assets and guarantees, and like the company he was in before due to the large scale of production and fixed assets, many banks are rushing to give money. However, beginning this year, banks suddenly began to pick up, "In the past, they didn't need money to give credit, but now sometimes they say that good people don't give up in the end. If it's a relatively small company, the relationship is not hard. Basically it is impossible to lend money."

“Some of the bosses are rushing to invest in doctors, and they go to find ***.” Liu Dong told reporters a story of personal experience. Xiao Dian was the employee of Liu Dong. After years of accumulation, he started to “single fly.” In 2009, Xiao Dai put together more than 300,000 yuan to open a factory. Since he started, he needed to purchase a lot of equipment and raw materials. Just hit the tide of price increase that year, Xiao Dai's liquidity was out of the question. On the one hand, he had already been in debt and could not borrow money again. On the other hand, he could not get from the bank because there was no fixed asset guarantee. In the face of orders, he really could not bear to give up. So he was introduced to borrow 200,000 yuan from a lender.

“Having thought that it would be possible to pay off in half a month, who knows that after six months of delay, the principal and interest have already risen to nearly 400,000 when he had enough to collect 200,000 yuan. Later, the more it rolled, the more money he had in his hand. The interest is not enough." Liu Dong said that the creditor is paying debts every day and even personally. In desperation, Xiao Dai finally had to resort to Liu Dong. “At that time, I was so anxious that I had to kneel down.” And Liu Dongyi asked that the loan for Xiao Dai had already risen from the original 200,000 to more than 1 million. In order to help Xiao Dai, Liu Dong found creditors through various relationships. After painstaking discussions, the principal and interest were reduced to more than 800,000. Xiao Dai finally sold off his house and some equipment to be paid off.

"If the bank can use the receivables or equipment to give Xiao Dian, he certainly will not go to borrow." Liu Dong said with emotion, "In fact, this kind of short-term funding situation is in other small and medium-sized Enterprises often happen too often. If the loan is not enough, they can only rely on the mutual relief between the companies. But if you run into a lot of money, then the consequences are very serious."

Difficulties in financial difficulties?

It is understood that the current situation of borrowing funds and arrears between SMEs has become increasingly common. “Now the goods are all accounted for, and profits are on the books. In fact, there is no money at all. Even if some debts are recovered, it is not enough to purchase goods.” In a plush toy accessories market in Guangling District of Yangzhou City, Accessories suppliers told reporters that the outside of the arrears are basically toy factories, especially since last year, the payment rate is getting slower and slower, and there is almost no cash. Express reporters also received the same response when they visited other suppliers. The owner of a nearby toy factory said that its cash flow was very difficult and had to misappropriate the supplier's payment. If all the money was given to the supplier, production would come to a standstill.

The harsh reality made Liu Dong shudder. He said that he had encountered many difficulties in the past but he had survived. However, this year's situation made him no longer able to sit on Diaoyutai again. "Not only small factories, even the clothing companies that were in charge of the past, are also likely to stop production at the end of the year. This is not a technical problem, but there is no soil for survival." Liu Dong said that before that, they also used to I have thought of ways to reduce costs. For example, I used to buy finished fabrics. Later, I bought cotton fabrics and even weaved and dyed my own fabrics. Even though the fabrics are not outsourced, I found that the cost savings are still very low.

Many local foreign trade factory owners also expressed similar pessimism. “Now we basically do not dare to accept foreign orders. The risk is too high. We can only do domestic sales in small batches.” An owner of a stuffed toy company in Guangling District of Yangzhou told reporters that many of his friends’ factories are already in a state of semi-cessation.

"The start is the closure of a small factory. There are a lot of large factories that will fall behind. This is unpredictable." Liu Dong also found that the recent wage level of workers has dropped from 100 yuan per day to 80 yuan per day, many of them The newly recruited workers were transferred because of the suspension of the original factory, which caused a "passive" relief from the shortage of workers.

"There must be no hope of such consumption. The industry has always been eating at low cost and low price. The industrial upgrading is a long-term issue. I think there will be a large number of companies that will die before or during the upgrade." Liu Dong worried, "If At present, this kind of difficulty is not worsening. Even if the status quo is maintained, it is estimated that many local clothing and textile companies will have to suspend or close down next year."

It was precisely because of concerns about the industry's prospects that Liu Dong was forced to withdraw from the industry.

Liu Dong told reporters that the precision machinery company he currently manages is a high-tech enterprise and has independent research and development capabilities and core technologies. This is something that the original garment processing plant does not possess. He believes that his own capabilities will be Here is a new show.

(According to the interviewee's request, "Liu Dong" is a pseudonym.)

"He has been with him for more than five years. He trusts me very much. I also trust him. Knowing that we haven't finished the wages, people will run away." When saying this, Liu Ming (a pseudonym) and his 9 other people Coworkers are applying for the preservation of the property of Bo’s owner in the Jiangning District Court, so that they can repay their employees’ salaries after the auction. The 10 employees who have been owed more than two months of salary are mostly young people aged 20 or older. The oldest people are still in their early 30s. If it is not for the boss to run, legal aid centers, courts, labor arbitration agencies and other institutions will still be like their own in the past. They are only one concept that has nothing to do with them, but only exists in books, newspapers, television and other media. However, in the past two months, they frequently entered and exited Jiangning Court and often turned to the legal aid center lawyers for help. All this was caused by the absence of a message from the owner on the evening of September 28 when he left a message saying "The factory couldn't go on."

Express reporter Liu Fang could not go on the boss hurriedly ran away owes staff two months wages boss rush to run the road Jiangning Guang Yang Village, a second floor is the home of Liu Ming, Nanjing Shundong Garment Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shundong In garment production, the company mainly processed quilt cover and curtains. In September, the workshop with rumbling machines was now locked by two big locks. The next door to the workshop is also a private house with different specifications and no decoration. Dust escalated by trucks passing by in front of the highway made these otherwise unimpressive buildings appear more and more “gray and dirty”. This simple place was once the foundation of the 13 employees of Nanjing Shundong Garment Co., Ltd., and it has now become their sad place.

“On the evening of the 28th, I received a message from my boss saying that the factory was unable to open. To close the door, my boss’s phone became a text message. It was almost 20 days, and there was still no news.” happened before the National Day. In one scene, Liu Ming was left alone. After the holiday on the 26th, he went to Shanghai to play. After the original 7 days of the plan had passed for 2 days, Liu Ming hurried off the holiday and returned to Shanghai from Shanghai. After receiving the forwarding message, other workers in the field also rushed back around October 1.

“Now think about it. It's premeditated that the boss gave us a vacation in advance.” A female employee who worked for many years in Shundong clothing recalls that the previous year’s 11 were all in accordance with normal time off, but this year, the boss from 26 A holiday was given to everyone at the beginning of the day. "We originally had paid wages on the 18th of every month. The boss started dragging the wages this year to the end of the year. But after September 20, the boss has not yet paid wages, and he said that it was 28 days. But from the 26th. The boss began to give us a holiday. I thought that the boss would pay the wages as usual during the holidays. Which knows he ran away." However, Liu Ming believes that the reason why the boss gave everyone a holiday on the 26th was because September was too laborious. After the break, we have accumulated normal rest days in the last few days with the National Day. “We take a day off for a week, but we haven’t had a rest in September. The boss said that the rush is to finish all orders before the 26th, start the holiday from the 26th, and make up every 4 rest days in September.” Although the boss The irresponsible "one run" complained, but all 13 employees said that the boss usually had good staff, food and shelter, and regular working meals often had snacks. "There are no signs before running. It is most likely that the funds have run out of tension."

The factory initially had more than 200 owners who sold their cars and sold cars in Liu Ming's memory. Shun Dong's clothing was also in full swing. “In 2007, we were still in Xishan Bridge. There were more than 1,800 square meters of workshops, and the rent was four times that of the present. Each room was equipped with air-conditioning, and the number of employees was more than 200. Most of them are larger than they are now.” Liu Ming introduced the owner. Baimou used to be the director of the office of a garment factory. In early 2007, he took over the garment factory from his boss and began operations. However, Baimou was not operating smoothly. The money was not earned. The total salary of more than 200 employees a month was about 150,000. Liu Ming estimated that this condition of being unable to make progress only allowed Baimou's first more than 1 million start-up capitals to be consumed in the first half of the year. By the second half of 2007, Pak Mou has faced no pay for employees. Dilemma. He speculated that from the second half of 2007, some of the salary the boss had sent to employees may have been borrowed. “There is one more detail. When the boss took over the factory first, because he had money, he could also produce for himself and at the same time do some generation processing. But in 2009, when his own capital was tight and he had no money to buy raw materials, It can only be done on a single basis."

At the end of 2007, the heavy snow pressured Baimou's workshop at Xishan Bridge. Since then, he has moved to Guangyang Village. The workshop area has been reduced by half and the number of employees is only 50 to 60. The financial crisis that erupted in 2008 made Shun Tung garment even worse. “We are processing home textiles mostly exported to the United States. In the first two years, the workers were busy every month, but by 2008, the orders were not enough and the workers had no work to do.” Liu Ming introduced that the owner was Employees, promised to guarantee everyone wages, fixed 1,700 yuan per month. "There is no order, and the guaranteed salary paid every month should be 100,000 yuan less. The pressure on the boss can be imagined. Fortunately, this time is not long."

In the employee’s memory, the owner once had two houses and a small car, and they were sold in succession. The owner and the boss’s wife also lived in the workshop from this year. “The owner has a house near the Confucius Temple. There are 90 square meters. I heard that it was sold in 2008 and sold more than 1 million.” said an employee who did not want to be named. The owner once had a Chery car that could take the place, but last year, the employees hadn't seen the car for a long time and later learned that it had been sold. There is also a property located near the presidential palace in Baimou, which is about 6 70 square meters. It was sold last year. This is almost all employees know. "The boss and the boss have lived in the workshop since the beginning of this year. They usually participate in first-line processing when their orders are busy."

The owner owes more than 300,000 debts

In fact, the wages of the 13 employees who are in arrears are not a large number in the account of Bo’s boss. According to a female employee, when employees enter the factory, they are required to pay a month's wages. In September, the salary is not paid. The boss owes the employee 2 months of wages, and 13 people total 42,000 yuan. In addition, the workshops in Guangyang Village are rented. The 800-square-meter site has a rent of more than 40,000 yuan a year. Since last year, however, Parker has owed more than 55,000 yuan of rent to the workshop. "The landlord also lent the boss 150,000 in cash, with an annual interest rate of 6%. It expires in October this year and has soaked up the soup so far." Another female employee of Shundong Garment said that after the owner runs, some of the factory's surroundings The creditors all rushed over, including the grocery store owner, the shop owner, and even the guy on the roadside who had repaired the car also loaned the owner 2,000 yuan. "The young man said that the boss was borrowed in March this year and said that he was paid for his employees. Since then, the young man had to go several times and the boss did not return." In addition, after Baimou ran off, there was a man who helped Shundong Garment. The foundry industry ran over and claimed to have made a 30,000 job for Pak, saying that it was the end of September and that no one could be found. Employees of Shundong Garment Co. estimated that these clear accounts owed by the bosses amounted to more than 300,000.

"More than 300,000 arrears should not have forced a boss to run the road. It is estimated that he has to pay employees to borrow money." At the Shundong Garment Factory, a friend of Baimou guessed. Shun Tung Garment Factory employees said that since 2007, the company has risen twice. The average monthly salary is 1,000 yuan, and it is now an average of 2,000 yuan. According to Liu Ming, there is no need for any capital cost for doing OEMs. The production value of workers in Shundong is 50,000 to 60,000 per month. After deducting employee salaries and other expenses, the boss can still net a net worth of 20,000 yuan per month. If the light is to cope with production, it will not fail. "It is estimated that there was borrowing money outside in the past few years. Now, the money that falls every month is not enough to pay interest, and it is forced to owes the wages of the workers and finally runs off the road." Liu Ming revealed that he had drove his boss to Xinjiekou. A borrowing company borrowed money and borrowed 30,000 yuan. However, the monthly interest rate was as high as 5,000 yuan, and the monthly interest must still be paid. "This should be ***, and the borrower said that there are 2 rest days a week and 8 days a month, so their definition of January is 22 days. That is, borrowing 30,000 yuan, For every 22 days, you have to give 5,000 yuan in interest."

As for borrowing money from the bank, Liu Ming said that the boss had never borrowed it and "thinking with his fingers" knew that he couldn't borrow it. “His homes are all sold, factories are rented, machines are bargains, there are no things that can be mortgaged, how could they borrow money from the bank.” And whether the boss has other big money, Liu Ming Said that the problem of funding bosses will never say anything to the staff, so he does not know if there are other ***.

The owner ran the staff and faced difficulties in eating. "The customer you call has an SMS call service enabled. He will receive a text message reminder of your call. Please hang up and wait for a call." After the 5th call to the boss's phone in the day, The employees of the East Garment Factory still heard the cold machine reminder. She subconsciously touched her wallet and began to figure out how many days she could support.

"I only have one or two hundred dollars now, and some workers even have only a few tens of dollars. In the past two days, everyone can only eat instant noodles. Then, it is estimated that eating will become a problem." The hometown is the original Chaohu Lake. She worked at the garment factory in Shundong four years ago. The previous work was very good. No one thought that the boss would run this. “After opening the factory gate on the morning of the 12th, workers discovered that the clothes, washing machines and other valuable items had been evacuated, leaving only a few worthless machines. Judging from this indication, it should be the boss’s time to quietly take away from everyone’s holiday. Valuables were removed.” Employees estimate that the boss’s current five desktop computers, twenty or thirty sewing machines, and a hundred or so iron shelves are worth a few dollars. "If these things are sold and become money, they are not enough for the salaries of several of us."

In addition to eating difficulties, housing is also a major problem for this group of employees. “The house we live in is also rented by the owner. He will not allow us to live for a long time. It may be necessary to live on the streets. Some of our workers must be prepared to return home.” And on the morning of the 14th, the property was handled in the Jiangning Court. When securing the formalities, a fee of 440 yuan will be paid to the court. On average, each employee will be paid 44 yuan. When a girl from Yunnan takes out the last 50 yuan, only 6 yuan will remain.

Next to the workers, after the boss ran off the road, everyone had to worry about finding a job again. He was afraid that he would encounter the same “unfortunateness” and would like to go home, especially the Yunnan girl who was thousands of miles away, but from Nanjing to Yunnan at least Thousands of tolls let her not even think about it. "The home was originally the last port of ours, but now we don't even have to go home. We can only keep looking for work."

A female worker in her early 30s introduced that at the Shun Tung Garment Factory, the processing fee for processing one bed sheet was 4 hairs, and an average of 200 can be processed per day; the processing fee for processing a pillow was 5 hairs, and an average of 100 can be processed per day; The quilt's commission is 4 hairs 5, and an average of 150 can be processed per day. "The boss owes me 2 months of salary and has more than 4,000 bucks, which is equivalent to the fact that I made 10,000 bed sheets." The woman said in frustration that her job was originally unstable, and the year was smooth. A year can only work for 10 months, and now the salary for 2 months is gone. This is equivalent to a quarter of the year being busy. "I have no confidence in going out to work now, for fear that I will encounter such a small business again. After a few months the boss ran away and his hard-earned money was gone."

Undoubtedly, banks should be the main channel for companies. However, for SMEs, the threshold for banks seems to be a bit high, because banks generally require physical collateral such as factories, but many SMEs do not have such resources. However, the main problem is not here. With the adjustment of macroeconomic policies and the increase in the deposit reserve ratio, monetary policy has been tightening this year. The amount of funds that banks can use to lend themselves is limited. In other words, although the Jiangsu banking industry has significantly increased its support for SMEs this year, due to the limited number of SMEs, the new SMEs still do not benefit most SMEs. Although there are Suzhou “grassroot banks” that specialize in small and micro enterprises, they are still an example in the banking industry as a whole. As for private lending, high interest rates have pushed many SMEs out of breath, and *** has even amplified the risk of SMEs.

The banking industry in Jiangsu has indeed increased its efforts to support small and medium-sized enterprises. However, due to the impact of macro-control, bank funds are limited, and the credit line for small and medium-sized enterprises is still relatively low.

Grassroots Bank's Success Story 1: Specializing in Small and Micro Businesses 2: Rooted in Community Services 3: Low Threshold, 500,000 RMB or Less ** Only Character Guarantee 4: Controlling Risk by Supervising the Borrower's Situation Super 80% New** To small and medium-sized enterprises "At present, there are no large-scale running opportunities for small and medium-sized business owners in Wenzhou, such as Wenzhou." Many banks in Jiangsu Province confirmed to reporters that the current SME business in Jiangsu Province is still relatively stable, and the rate of bad people is also controlled. At a very low level. It is understood that although bank credits are very tight this year, the banks still invest more resources into SMEs. From January to June of this year, newly added SMEs in Jiangsu Province accounted for 2017.05 billion yuan, accounting for 85.6% of the total increase in all enterprises. There are two main reasons. First, compared with large enterprises, banks ** have greater bargaining space for SMEs, and their profits will be higher. Second, the government has repeatedly introduced policies requiring banks to support the development of SMEs. ** Lean to SMEs is also a response to the government's call. As for the painful ** risk control problem, banks will try their best to avoid it by choosing high-quality SMEs.

However, some banks have also reported that, although the current non-performing rate of SMEs has not risen, this year's ** overdue period (to the time it is still not on the money) is obviously a lot more frequent, and individual banks have started to warn the steel trade and other industries.

Equally worrying is that some bankers said that although the banking sector in Jiangsu has been trying its best to allow the quotas to be tilted toward SMEs, due to monetary tightening and limited quotas, the number of SMEs eager for funds is too much, so “there are still many Many SMEs can't get ** from banks."

Jiangsu has not appeared "the boss runs the road tide"

“The business owner of Wenzhou Paoling Road is mainly immersed in a crime. It is really not able to afford debts before he can run. However, the enterprises on the Jiangsu side are relatively conservative and generally do not borrow so much money from the government. "Relevant person in charge of a number of banks in Jiangsu Province stated that at present, there has not been a "boss running road tide" similar to Wenzhou in Jiangsu.

"The real players who run are trapped in debt, and they still do not have debts. How can they run a loss when they run a business?" said a person in charge of a bank's micro-enterprise credit center. Although this year's SMEs are under tight funding, they have difficulty operating. However, judging from the data of their banks, the SMEs' slaughter rate has not risen this year. Their bank SMEs' bad beneficence rate is controlled below 70%, which is a safe data.

Another person in charge of the bank's credit center said that the reason why Wenzhou has emerged as a "running of the bosses" is because the small enterprises in Wenzhou are concentrated on their own and are prone to problems. They are also related to the profitability of the local capital.

Bank ** tilted to SMEs Because the central bank raised the deposit reserve ratio several times this year, banks have less and less funds available, and they must also cope with the loan-to-deposit ratio assessment. Therefore, compared with corporate needs, the scale of bank credit can be described as “more gluttonous”. However, the reporter found during the investigation that although the bank's funds were very tight, banks were leaning toward SMEs as much as possible on the scale of credit.

People's Bank of China Nanjing Branch official said that despite the tight funding this year, this year they still reduced the scale of credit of some large companies to support SMEs. So far, their bank has invested more than 3 billion ** for SMEs this year. As of the end of September, Jiangsu Bank’s small and micro enterprises with a total amount of less than 5 million yuan have already issued 7.72 billion yuan, which is a lot higher than last year. There are also Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, which has already invested SMEs nearly 17 billion yuan between the end of September and the end of September. Compared with the scale of 20 billion yuan last year, this year's support for SMEs has not diminished.

Judging from these data, the tilt of the scale of SMEs is clearly the consistent practice of the entire Jiangsu banking industry this year. Data show that from January to June this year, Jiangsu Province added 2.905 billion yuan of SMEs, which accounted for 85.6% of the total increase in all enterprises, an increase of 13.5 percentage points year-on-year. At the end of June, the total balance of SMEs in Jiangsu Province was 2301.556 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 26.6%, which was higher than the total number of ** 12.4%.

The quota is still "too few"

Despite the fact that the sluggish rate of SMEs has not risen at present, and various banks are also strongly supporting the development of SMEs, the reporter also learned during the interview that the overdue period of SMEs in some banks was significantly higher than last year, guaranteeing the company’s Compensatory starts frequently in the second half of the year.

A relevant person in charge of the bank disclosed that since the beginning of this year, the rate of bad SMEs in SMEs has not risen, but the overdue period has obviously increased. Each month, there are tens of millions of overdue periods, and banks are required to continue to collect. “Most of them are still being recalled.” In addition, since the beginning of this year, especially since the second half of the year, the guarantee company’s compensation has obviously become more frequent. “That is, the company is still unable to make payments. The guarantee company that provided the guarantee first repays it and then The guarantee company will go to preservation and prosecution. This phenomenon has recently been relatively frequent."

A bank official stated that unlike the financial crisis that occurred in 2008, the foreign trade industry and related companies were mainly affected in 2008. However, the situation at home and abroad this year is more complicated. It should be said that the difficulties encountered by SMEs this year are even greater. And, although the current banking ** tilt policy is not small, it is subject to the amount of funds available to the banks themselves and the huge number of SMEs, and getting ** from the banks is still very difficult for many SMEs. He worried that if this situation continues, more and more small and medium-sized enterprises will have to resort to much higher interest rates of private credit, and once funds are broken, there will be a large area of ​​default. A related person in a bank revealed that their head office had recently given early warning to the steel trade industry because many of the people engaged in this industry were Wenzhou and Fujianese, and the bank recently basically stopped the industry from launching. Express reporter Wang Haiyan is not afraid to lend money to the small boss's grassroots bank 500,000 or less** only need "personality guarantee"

More than 190,000 private enterprises and more than 360,000 industrial and commercial households, the private economy occupies a very large proportion in the economic system of Suzhou. However, many SMEs face the same hard problems in their development. Some experts believe that small and micro enterprises are at the bottom of the corporate pyramid, they have the largest amount of money, but they also need the most financial support. In Suzhou, where the financial industry is gathering, how small and micro enterprises can break through the bottleneck is always a difficult point.

The Tyrone Bank, which has been in Suzhou for more than six months, prefers to give small and micro businesses a chance to enter the industry. Therefore, it also has a reputation as a “grassroots bank” in the industry. In just a few months, Tyrone has served a thousand customers and has provided more than 1 billion yuan in funds. How does Tyrone Bank serve Suzhou SMEs and individual business owners? Can we strike a balance between business and risk control? Can the "grassroots bank" path be duplicated?

The Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank, which was established in 1993, is the fifth commercial bank that focuses on financial services for small and micro enterprises. In March this year, Tyrone Bank entered Suzhou, which is the bank's seventh branch, and the first branch opened in Jiangsu after Zhejiang and Shanghai.

Bank of Nanjing, Bank of Shanghai, China Minsheng Bank, National Bank of Korea, and Cooperative Bank... There are numerous domestic and foreign financial institutions around the Tailong Bank Suzhou Branch. According to Xu Shibiao, president of the Tailong Bank Suzhou Branch, “Suzhou has more than 190,000 private enterprises and more than 360,000 industrial and commercial households, but less than 20% of bank credit services are available, so more than 400,000 small and micro enterprises have not received banking services. Therefore, Tyrone Bank has a very large market space in Suzhou."

Shi Jia, deputy governor of the Suzhou branch of the Bank of China, said that for banks, the review procedures for the general lending of 5 million and 500,000 are almost the same time-consuming. Therefore, many banks are more willing to issue large-scale or long-term loans, and most of their account managers do not. Willing to do small, short-term **. Enterprises have land, factories, and equipment, most likely to borrow money from the bank, which is like cutting the first vegetable; goods go out, the account has not been recovered, but the bank determines that cash can be returned to be lending, this is the second trick; By guaranteeing the company, paying 10% of the security deposit and guarantee fee to the police is another matter. The fourth is the intangible assets such as trademark rights and patent rights. However, this is almost all aimed at large and medium-sized enterprises.

“小微企业不具备上述条件，特别是刚成立的科技企业仅有电脑、办公桌，在**上最容易被忽略掉。”施佳认为，小微企业的量最大，也最需要资金支持，“我们服务小微企业如同是割第五茬韭菜，看似这在捡芝麻，却有无限商机。”在这样的理念下，泰隆银行甚至让放贷业务进社区经营，“将零售业务批发做”，苏州肉食品市场、横塘装饰城、蠡口家具城、常熟招商城……众多老板成了泰隆银行的稳定客户。

小企业也讲信用泰隆银行董事长王钧认为，小企业穷一点，大企业富一点，银行担心给小企业房贷风险太大，这也可以理解。但是不是穷人不讲信用，只有富人讲信用呢？ no.小企业的信用没有想象中那么差。 “谁愿意借了一次钱不还，把自己的名誉毁掉的？人其实都是讲信用的，小企业也讲信用，没那么可怕，但你做的方式方法肯定和大企业不一样。信息对称的问题解决了，借款还要抵押吗？多此一举。”

对于中小企业没有抵押物，风险难于控制的问题，泰隆银行并不盲目，推出了“三品三表”的信贷调查手段。泰隆银行苏州分行副行长施佳说，该行放贷注重现场的调查和侧面打听得到的信息，经过“面对面”和“背对背”的了解，解决信息不对称问题。“通过'多眼'印证，把握客户的人品、产品、物品，再通过水表、电表、海关报表，判断客户的生产经营情况。”

泰隆银行苏州分行刚开业时，有位客户徐先生主动上门开户，存了300万，后来还介绍朋友开户存下了600万元。

不久，徐先生找到客户经理王源想**30万，王源调查发现，徐先生的担保人实力雄厚，但周围商家评价徐先生花钱大手大脚，还有很多欠钱不还的劣迹。“在泰隆三品三表的理念中，人品被放在第一位，具有一票否决权。”最终，王源坚定地拒绝与徐先生的合作。

今年5月，信贷经理王华珍到苏州华东五金机电城拜访市场商家，她来到“源发五金”店时，得知老板彭某需要一笔启动资金。由于彭某已经抵押了自己的房产，没有其他固定资产，店内存货也不多，对于一个刚开始创业的个体经营者来说，更不可能有完善正规的财务报表，以上的条件限制使得他跑遍了附近的银行也没申请到**。

但王华珍通过走访彭某的供应商和客户了解到：彭某虽然刚开始做这个行业，但上下游渠道对他的评价都很高。特别是市场里的其他商户，对彭某大为赞许。很快，彭某靠优秀的人品，从泰隆银行贷到了30万元。在贷后检查中，王华珍发现这笔资金帮彭某成功启动了生产。

**“人品担保”

“灵活、高效、贴心、门槛低，对弱势客户强势服务，这是我们银行的最大特色，”泰隆银行苏州分行副行长施佳说，该行的“三三制”奉行市场第一、客户第一的理念，从根本上杜绝了小银行规模、大银行脾气的工作作风。

所谓的“三三制”原则，即对老客户办理业务，经办人员要保证半个工作日内完成；新客户办理业务，自申请提出之时（日）起保证三天以内完成贷与不贷的答复，对同意发放的**必须在三天内完成。各级审批人员对当天提交的**除需提交贷审委审议以外，实行审批三小时承诺制。对每天上午提交的**在下午上班前必须完成审批，对下午提交的**必须在当天全部审批完成。对于50万元以下的小额**，要简化流程，将信贷管理的环节前移、合并，确保对客户的服务效率。

杨靖是浙江台州人，大学毕业后来到苏州蠡口家具城和父母一起做生意。在门面房、厂房租金逐年上涨的压力下，杨靖想扩大厂房新增一条沙发生产线，却遭遇了资金紧张的困境。杨靖告诉记者，以往，他和家人都是向亲朋好友借钱周转，不但欠人情还要付给他们高于银行的利息。“也曾尝试向多家银行**，可我们在苏州没有房产，没有可抵押物，结果一分钱都没贷到，***又不敢借，实在没办法。”

8月下旬，就在杨靖一筹莫展之际，他发现泰隆商业银行苏州分行信贷经理王玲敏经常在市场出现。在朋友的介绍下，杨靖与王玲敏取得了联系。当天，王玲敏具体了解厂里的资产和运营情况，又走访了杨靖提供的担保人，第二天还在市场里找其他经销商对杨靖一家进行了侧面了解。经过多方调查，杨靖一家在市场里口碑不错，他们的沙发厂经营稳定，提供的担保人也符合担保要求。在得到部门主管授权后，王玲敏迅速做好**材料，第三天就将为期半年的15万元**打到了杨靖的账户上。泰隆银行苏州分行副行长施佳解释说，50万元以下相当于信用放贷。尽管要担保，其实是用人品，没有物质抵押的。如果要有抵押，那将会造成办理手续繁琐，客户支付费用也要增加。

或许还是数据更能说明泰隆银行为人称道的草根性。截至目前，泰隆银行已累计向小企业发放**30万多笔、1600多亿元，共扶持8万多家小企业，直接间接创造了50多万个就业岗位，帮助30多万名失地农民、外来务工人员、下岗工人实现了劳动致富。

快报记者陈泓江民间借贷借贷公司今年生意额翻番老板称借***是饮鸩止渴“在别人恐惧时，你要贪婪；而别人贪婪时，你要恐惧。”

民间借贷公司老总王敏（化名）把巴菲特的名言制成条幅挂在办公室里，意在提醒自己牢记市场风险。但谈起目前自己所从事的行业，王敏只能摇头，“整个市场太疯狂了，不仅多出了很多民间借贷公司，连一些老百姓也参与其中。”而民间借贷异常火爆的背后，折射出的则是中小企业**无门，转求民间**的窘境。

民间借贷公司业务翻番“喂，借钱啊？需要多少？600万！”这是今年3月中旬的一天中王敏接到的第4个电话，而这种业务量是以前没有过的。

“实际上，从今年元旦过后，每天接到的借钱电话就开始多了起来，一天三四个不在话下，以前一天也就接个把个吧。”已经做了7年多民间借贷的王敏敏锐地感觉到整个行业在发生变化。在他去年的业绩记录里，每个月10单生意、每笔金额在100万上下是正常水平，但今年上半年，平均每个月的业务量都超过了20单，而且企业动辄就要好几百万。“明显能感觉到需要资金的企业多了，而且对资金的胃口更大。”

王敏还注意到了一个细节，往年第一个月银行放贷开门红的消息，在今年上半年变成了银行控制放贷、企业借钱难的新闻。“说明作为借贷'国家队'的银行已经不玩资金大放闸的游戏了，国家队尚且如此，我们民间机构自然得更谨慎了。”从下半年开始，王敏已经开始有意识地控制业务量，把每个月的业绩控制在去年相同水平。“拒绝了很多业务，但每天依然能接到借钱的电话。”

业务的繁忙让整个行业资金“价格”水涨船高。王敏介绍，多数中小企业在借款时会先求助于小额**公司，小额**公司年息16％—18％的水平也比较容易被接受，只有那些等钱下锅的企业才会给出更高的价格，以便从民间借贷公司处快速拿到钱。去年，整个行业的平均借款月息在7％左右，现在已经被抬到了10％—11％。“听说南京还有直接给出借款月利7.8％的民间借贷公司在社会上吸收资金。存款人拿1万块钱去，被借用三个月，当场就可以先把三个月2340元的利息先领走，民间借贷公司转手再将借来的钱贷给需要资金的企业。”王敏表示，以这种公司为例，借来的资金成本年息已达93.6％，这部分钱再转借给企业，年利率要达到150％-200％，民间借贷公司才有钱赚。“由此可见整个行业的膨胀，以及一些企业**成本之高，这么高的利息都要借，你想想小企业有多缺钱。”

借的钱多，占用时间长除了业务量及企业借款额大幅上升外，资金占用时间明显延长，也是王敏最直观的感受。“去年的时候，资金平均占用时间是25天，超过1个月的企业并不多，但今年的平均水平已达到了50天。”王敏介绍，自己今年的业务中，占款时间最长的已7个月有余，时间最短的也超过了1个月。“主要原因是放贷规模紧缩后，资金紧张的企业向银行**要排队，而且排队等待的时间不确定。”王敏举例，某企业去年10月左右通过了银行的**批复，但银行放贷收紧后，企业并不能立即拿到资金，而是要排队。但在排队的这一段时间，企业已无米下锅，只能先向民间借贷公司拆借应急。

“企业原本估计一个月就能拿到银行**，所以向民间借贷公司借一个月，但实际情况是银行排队要排三四个月，而且即便排到了，下款额也只有预先**总额的80％左右，企业占用民间借贷公司资金的时间就被动延长了。”

王敏表示，外界将民间借贷单纯等同于***的看法太过片面，民间借贷公司中确实存在放***的现象，但也有一些公司给出的借贷成本是在国家法律保护范围之内的。“国家规定，高于国家法定**利率4倍的放贷是不受保护的。国家目前一年期**年利率为6.56％，所以年利率低于26.24％的民间借贷公司都算合法的。”他表示，非***性质的民间借贷同银行一样，也需要抵押，民间借贷公司只对那些风险高的企业收比较高的利息。

不借等死，借***找死实际上，能从民间借贷公司以不高于国家法定利率4倍的成本借到钱的企业，都已经算做幸运儿了。在王敏接触到的企业中，很多连这最后一根救命稻草也够不着。“一些企业没有固定资产抵押，或是受到国家宏观调控，或者整个行业属于被淘汰的夕阳行业，这类企业我们是不贷的。”在银行**、上市**、小额**公司、民间借贷公司等渠道均被封死后，仍急需用钱的企业只剩下最后一个铤而走险的选项：纯粹的***。

“纯粹的***，那个成本就不得了了。”王敏介绍，***的成本一般是月息30％，企业要借100万，***方在放钱时先扣下30万，企业只能拿到70万现金，第二个月则要交出60万的利息。

“***完全就是***性质的了，贷出方会派人天天盯着借款人，借款人一旦还不了钱就要遭受辱骂、殴打等暴力行为。”在王敏看来，那些企业主之所以会采用***这种饮鸩止渴的做法，是因为他们也在博。

“被迫走上***的企业，如果不借款，是等死，而借了，则是找死。王敏说，只有借到的***资金恰好发挥了救火功能，而且马上又找到新资金还上了***，企业的的殊死一搏有价值，那些借***的企业家都是在博这种可能。”王敏介绍，能博对的可能性很小，多数的情况是企业还不起钱了，借款人被逼跑路，“就像温州那些跑路的老板一样”。

看似暴利的行业，王敏已感到丝丝凉意。实际上，民间借贷只是他的副业，他另有庞大的实业基础。“我只是把民间借贷公司当做一个蓄水池，把从实业中赚到的钱放到民间借贷这个池子中来，以实现资本价值的最大化。”但从今年以来，不断有从股市或楼市中抽身的个人找到王敏，希望将钱借给他，只要给出稍高于银行的存款利率就行。

“民间借贷六七年来，我一直求稳，自己的资金，平均年息20％出头就满足。但整个行业显然已疯狂，这么高的成本，有几个借钱做实业的公司能扛过去？”