3700 years ago, the privileged class of the ancient monks loved jade and ivory products.
The mysterious Sanxingdui and Jinsha ruins unveiled the splendour of the ancient civilization with its exquisitely unearthed cultural relics. However, before the Sanxingdui, the prehistoric settlements of the Chengdu Plain, when did the privileged class emerge, and finally stepped into a higher level of social structure? On January 4, the Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology announced the Qingbaijiang Sanxing Village. Site excavation results. In the site of the fourth period of Baodun Culture (about 3800 to 3700 years ago), jade and ivory products symbolizing privilege were discovered again. Together with the jade artifacts of the same period unearthed in the Chengdu Plain, they have solved another historical code. In the prehistoric settlements of the Chengdu Plain, 3,700 years ago, privileged classes began to appear. For more than 100 years, Sanxingdui has produced the most unique bronze culture.
First, jade and ivory become a symbol of rights
In May 2017, Chengdu Qingbaijiang Cultural Relics Protection and Management Institute conducted a cultural relic exploration of the Sanxingcun site and found traces of earthen tombs. Since then, the Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Archaeological Institute and other related units have begun the rescue of the tombs. As the area of ​​cleanup gradually expanded, archaeologists discovered the site, ash pits and tombs between 3800 and 3700. Among the more than 30 tombs that have been cleaned up, jade and hairpins made of jade and ivory were found.
According to the researcher Yang Zhanfeng, an archaeological leader, the excavated tombs are distributed in groups. In each group of tombs, the tombs are arranged in parallel, and the orientation of the skeletons in each tomb is exactly the same. Yang Zhanfeng said that this shows that the social form at that time has developed into a family unit. "The people at that time lived together on a family basis, and after the death, they were buried by family or family."
Among the tombs that were strictly planned, jade and ivory that were not found in the second and third phases of Baodun Culture also appeared.
In the tomb of the number M7, archaeologists found that the head of the tomb was placed with a tubular hair styling made of jade. At the hand of the tomb, it is a finely crafted jade and jade. In the tomb of No. M12, a whirlpool made of ivory was placed near the shoulder blade of the tomb. As the archaeology continued to advance, the staff found bats made of ivory hollows, decorative ivory curtains, ivory hairpins and perforated plates in more burial chambers.
It is worth mentioning that 3 pieces of jade articles and more than 20 pieces of ivory unearthed this time were all unearthed in the tomb. This discovery surprised archaeologists. Yang Zhanfeng said, “The appearance of jade and ivory in the tombs indicates that they were used to represent rights and identities at the time.â€
Second, the interpretation of the ancient civilization process
The discovery of these archaeological materials has become an important evidence for exploring the process of social complexity in Chengdu Plain, the origin of civilization and its background.
The Sanxingdui Sacrifice Pit, unearthed in 1986, proved to have created a unique bronze culture in the 16th century BC with stunning bronze god trees and bronze masks. However, in the long prehistoric period, when was the prehistoric city site scattered on the plains of Chengdu, when was the “evolution†completed? The secret was hidden in seemingly inconspicuously unearthed relics.
Jiang Zhanghua, deputy dean of the Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that in the prehistoric city site of Chengdu Plain, such as Xinjin Baodun Ancient City and Wenjiang Yuyu Ancient City, the city sites before the fourth stage of Baodun Culture are different in size and size, and there is not much difference. . Especially in the archaeological excavations in recent years, it can be found that the Baodun culture began around 4,500 years ago. In the first three or six hundred years, there were almost no funerary objects after the death of the people, indicating that the members of the society have not yet There is a clear differentiation. However, in the excavation of the Sanshengdui Rensheng Village cemetery in the fourth phase of Baodun Culture in 2017, there were burial objects such as jade cones, jade blister and jade spears. The excavation of the Sanxing Village in Qingbaijiang once again found high-grade luxury burial artifacts such as jade and ivory.
“This shows that in the prehistoric settlements from 3800 to 3700, there have been special classes with certain powers. More importantly, there may be differentiation between settlements: the Sanxingdui settlement may be controlled by certain special resources or The trade channels of special items have gradually become powerful and have become a strong settlement.†Jiang Zhanghua said that the archaeological excavation of the Qingbaijiang Sanxing Village provided precious materials for studying the origin of the civilization of Chengdu Plain and the historical background of the birth of Sanxingdui civilization. And the splicing of these sporadic materials, how the people of Chengdu Plain developed from the Neolithic Age to the ancient kingdom, how their society operates and manages, how the people organize and other secrets, is expected to be unveiled.
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