Thoughts on Lighting Interior Design of Indoor Lighting Design Ke Feng Zhang Xiaoqing (Department of Building Environmental Engineering, PLA Logistics Engineering College, Chongqing 400016). The idea and method of reasonable lighting design are put forward to provide reference for indoor lighting design.
1 Preface With the advancement of society and the improvement of living standards, people's requirements for living environment are getting higher and higher. The main goal of residential interior lighting design is to create a healthy, comfortable and warm living environment, to protect people's visual aesthetic requirements, to ensure people's physical and psychological comfort, while protecting vision. This puts higher demands on the design of residential interior lighting. But nowadays, people's understanding of lighting design exists in various misunderstandings. It is considered that lighting design is a simple choice and arrangement of lamps. In fact, lighting design is a comprehensive design art that combines scientific, aesthetic, economic and other factors. It needs to be comprehensively analyzed on the basis of careful analysis of the functional requirements of various parts of the living room, with a focus on the overall Harmony.
2 Scientific design of lighting The scientific design of lighting refers to the basic requirements that the lighting design must meet the design specifications. In the indoor lighting arrangement, attention should be paid to the rationality of brightness, position, angle and light color. All aspects of the indicators are required to help protect vision and improve work and learning efficiency.
2.1 Illumination requirements In the residential lighting design, the values ​​should be taken according to the different illuminance standards according to the different use properties, functional requirements and usage conditions of each part. The recommended values ​​for the illumination standard of Xiaokang residential lighting are shown in Table 1. The illuminance specified in the illuminance standard refers to the average maintenance illuminance on the working surface. The design generally uses a horizontal plane of 0.75 m from the ground as the working surface, and the stairwell uses the ground as the working surface. .
Under the premise that the illumination of the working surface meets the requirements, attention should also be paid to the uniformity of illumination. Especially when using district lighting, the illuminance value of the passages and other non-working areas in the room should not be lower than 1/5 of the working surface illuminance value. Table 1 Illumination Standard Class - Ideal Target Popularization Target Basic Objective 3 Study housekeeping room, studio closet bathroom bathroom restaurant kitchen storage aisle corridor foyer closed balcony stairwell living room 2 brightness distribution comfortable light environment should have a reasonable brightness distribution, if the indoor brightness changes too much, it is easy to cause visual fatigue, but if lack When the brightness changes, it is easy to produce a monotonous feeling. Therefore, a suitable brightness distribution is necessary. In the design, the independent visual range is generally divided into three main areas: the first area is the work area, the second area is the environmental area adjacent to the work area, and the third area is the total environmental area. In order to meet the requirements of visual comfort, the brightness ratio of the above three areas should meet the requirements of Table 2.
Table 2 area brightness ratio area brightness ratio 2 area ideal ratio minimum allowable ratio 1 area working surface 1/3~1 times 1 area 1 1~1 area 3 area ideal ratio minimum allowable ratio 1 area working surface 1 /5~5 times 1/1~10 times of the 1st working face In addition to the brightness ratio, the indoor light environment design of the house needs to consider factors such as brightness balance and room surface reflectivity to meet the requirements of visual comfort.
2.3 Light color selection Scientific research shows that different light colors have different effects on people's emotions. Cool colors make people feel solemn, stable, calm, and warm colors make people feel calm, quiet, and have a sense of warmth. Therefore, in the residential lighting design, the corresponding combination pre-selection should be carried out according to different functional divisions.
In the residential interior lighting design, the living room as a public place for family communication and meeting guests should have multiple light sources. The main light source should be a cool color, which makes people feel a solemn and formal, and then use the warm color light source as an auxiliary light source to make the atmosphere of a pleasant and warm home calm; the living room is the place where people rest and relax. The use of warm and dark light sources makes people feel quiet, soft and comfortable. The study is a place where people work, relax, and study.
2.4 Indoor light pollution control Indoor light pollution is mainly glare pollution and stroboscopic, which directly affects the comfort of lighting. The generation of glare is divided into direct glare and reflected glare. There are several main factors that cause glare in indoor lighting design: the contrast between the surrounding environment and the light source is too large.
According to the above factors, the following aspects should be paid attention to in the indoor lighting design: the light source with too high brightness should be effectively shielded to reduce the brightness of the surface of the lamp.
The generation of reflected glare is avoided according to the arrangement of the indoor environment and the surface mechanism of the decorative material.
Reasonably arrange the position of the light source to avoid the generation of direct glare.
The lighting transitions in all areas of the house are natural, avoiding excessive brightness contrast.
The stroboscopic generation is mainly caused by the periodic variation of the gas discharge lamp with the voltage, so that the light flux also periodically generates strong and weak changes. Long-term in the stroboscopic lighting environment, it is easy to produce visual fatigue, and the vision is reduced. With the development of production and technology, the stroboscopic problem has been gradually solved. Therefore, in the interior lighting design, stroboscopic can be avoided to the utmost by adopting advanced and mature technologies and products.
3 The aesthetic design of the lighting creates a beautiful atmosphere by the arrangement and arrangement of the light source in the space and the interaction with the interior environment decoration. This is another purpose of the lighting design.
3.1 The use of lighting forms to create a main style residential interior decoration styles are different, or simple, modern, or elegant, or simple and generous, all reflect the owner's taste and cultural accomplishments. The form of lighting is an important means of creating atmosphere and creating a main style. Maximize the use of light changes, such as the use of light tones, light levels, light modeling, etc. to form an implicit light and shadow pattern, can create an emotional atmosphere.
For example, the author once did the following treatment in the lighting design of a living room: the entire living room is designed with less light, but emphasizes local lighting, weakens general illumination, emphasizes light distribution, color temperature and color development, and emphasizes the appropriate point light source in space. The distribution, in its order of arrangement, causes the light to produce rhythm and rhythm in space. Use the light and the light to reflect the mutual contrast between light and darkness, light and shadow.
Just the right lighting can even play a finishing touch to the decoration of the whole indoor home, adding a few bright spots to the plain, which makes the simple interior decoration add a little charm.
2 Interaction between lighting design and interior design The interior lighting design of the house is not independent of the interior design. The choice of luminaire shape, the treatment of lighting and the matching of light color must take into account the interior furniture, furnishings, and the color, material and style of wall and floor decoration materials, and strive to make it a harmonious and unified whole. Lighting design should be designed for interior decoration. On the one hand, designers should not neglect their importance and casually; on the other hand, they should not over-emphasize the form of light and lamps, and turn people's attention from the surrounding to the air, making lighting design throughout the interior design. It played a negative role in the competition. As everyone knows, the main character in the interior design should be the interior furniture and furnishings. Therefore, the scale and scale of the design should also be determined by the designer according to the specific situation.
4 Economical design of lighting In the design of residential lighting, we should also grasp an economic principle. The selection and determination of light sources, lamps, lighting control equipment, lighting methods, and the use of advanced and mature technologies and products must be reasonable, economical and conducive to energy conservation. This also contributes to the safety of lighting and reduces the occurrence of fires.
4.1 meters with efficient longevity light source Traditional residential light sources use incandescent lamps. Incandescent lamps are the first generation of light sources, with low light efficiency and a lifetime of only 1000h, which should be limited. Compact fluorescent lamps produce 3 to 4 times more light per watt than ordinary incandescent lamps and have a rated life of 10 times that of incandescent lamps. Due to the continuous improvement and improvement of the quality of phosphors, the color rendering index of compact fluorescent lamps can reach 80 or so. The compact fluorescent lamps with powers of 5W, 7W, 9W, 11W, 13W, 16W, 18W, 4W have a color temperature of 2700~6500K, which can meet the requirements of different light colors. In terms of cost performance, the compact fluorescent lamp has a slightly higher initial investment than the incandescent lamp, but its power saving effect is significant enough to compensate. Therefore, under normal lighting conditions, it can completely replace incandescent lamps.
In residential lighting design, incandescent lamps can be replaced by compact fluorescent lamps for table lamps (including floor-standing), wall lamps, ceiling decorative lamps, and recessed downlights. Especially in a room where air conditioning is required, since the compact fluorescent lamp is a cold light source, the replacement of the incandescent lamp can save the cooling capacity of the air conditioner. These are important for saving energy and resources.
2 The use of high-efficiency energy-saving lamps and accessories for lamps shows that deep parabolic lamps are more efficient than ordinary lamps. When selecting a luminaire, in addition to considering the material and style of the luminaire, attention should also be paid to the utilization of the luminaire.
For the selection of the starter, trigger, etc. of the gas discharge lamp accessory, it is necessary to select an energy-efficient electrical accessory under the premise of matching with the light source.
In short, the purpose of lighting design is to "people-oriented, create a comfortable and pleasant light environment." The owner's hobbies and membership components and other comprehensive factors, specific analysis, and strive to create a comfortable and pleasant light environment.
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