Main Features of Han Dynasty Jade Objects and Imitation Han Jade Objects in Qing Dynasty

The development of jade has a clear vein, and the crafts, shapes and cultural connotations of various jade articles are different. According to the literature, the merchants of the Song Dynasty copied the antiquities of the former dynasty, and the purpose was profitable, especially the ancient jade. The ancient jade articles of the various dynasties of the late generations have appeared in the past.

The achievements of the cultural development of the Han Dynasty also made the jade show a prosperous scene. In the history of the development of Chinese jade, it played a leading role. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Emperor Qianlong, who was fascinated by the ancients, used the artisans in the palace to copy the ancient jade of the previous generation for his enjoyment. It also led to the emergence of a large number of antique jade in the folks such as Suzhou and Hangzhou and Xi'an. The antique jade of the Qing Dynasty is diverse, but with its characteristics of the times. Among them, the fine works of the ancient jade ornamentation and the imitation of the Han Dynasty also have certain appreciation and collection value.

The jade in the Han Dynasty represents the beginning of a culture, the identity of a user, and the worship of cultural connotations of the time. The jade craftsmen choose high-quality jade materials and do their best to sculpt the works that express their cultural heritage and connotation, and engrave them on the ornamentation with exquisite craftsmanship. After the tempering of time, the natural formation of the twilight, natural beauty, is imaginative. After nearly two thousand years of development, the jade culture of the Qing Dynasty has changed, and the jade craft development has progressed. The imitation of the jade in the Han Dynasty cannot be compared with the real thing. The first is the difference in cultural connotations and the similarities in style. However, there is no charm of the times. In the Qing Dynasty, the jade craftsmen had no such adoring mood when they copied the imitation. They only wanted to be shaped, but they lost their charm and made their appearances clear. Second, the craft always has the characteristics of this era, just like the practice of hooking clouds in the jade wall, it is very modern. Third, the twilight of antique jade is an eagerness to hang on the surface, and it cannot be compared with the natural twilight.

The general characteristics of the imitation Han jade

To ritual heaven - ç’§

In the Neolithic Age, Yuxi was used as a ritual for worshiping the heavens (there was another view in the academic world for the food of ghosts and gods). The Han Dynasty has been transformed from the early sacrifice to the function of ceremonies, funerals and decorations, to the Qing Dynasty. It has evolved into many uses, and there are many accessories. In the Han Dynasty, the jade is covered with plain jade wall, and the jade is decorated with more variegated layouts. The enamel face is decorated with nipple pattern, lying silkworm, hooked with moiré, moiré, grain, etc., and the lines are engraved smoothly and vigorously. Some of the clams are divided into several parts with different patterns, and some of them are engraved with dragons and phoenixes, dragons, auspicious characters and other patterns on the outer surface of the coffin.

In the picture, the jade is thicker, the jade is fine and dense, and it is blue-white. The touch is warm and smooth. After the play, there are several spots in the jade, which are like bandits and sputum. The two sides are simple and simple, consisting of three sets of hooks and three square nets. Each set has two hooks, which are opposite to each other. They are shaped like butterflies, and the hooks are carved with the method of reducing the ground, so the moiré There are depressions around. Each square net is separated by three sets of hooks, and the lines of the net are engraved. There are Han Dynasty jade wall decorations on the wall, and the craftsmanship has a Qing Dynasty style. This jade wall resembling the Han Dynasty's hook-and-cloud pattern, the ornamentation is not covered with walls like the Han Dynasty's hook-and-cloud pattern, only a few and grouped. On the engraving, the Han Dynasty's hook-and-cloud pattern is a thin Yinxian line, and the knife-like lines are hard, while in the Qing Dynasty, the hook-and-cloud pattern is reduced. The lines are also smooth and beautiful, but weak and weak. The patterns of dragons, phoenixes, dragons, and auspicious meanings are quite different from those of the Han Dynasty.

The five-sectioner - 蝉

Lu Yun of the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in "Han Fu Fu", "There is a slogan in the head, and the text is also in the air. If you don't enjoy it, then you can't enjoy it. If you don't live in a nest, then you should also Hou Shoujie’s letter is also "", the connotation of 蝉 has been praised from the poetry, so it has appeared in the jade wares of the ancients. In the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the jade was used as a jade in the funeral burial, and the jade in the Han Dynasty became the main shape. Because the ancients observed that the larvae of the cockroaches had become cockroaches and became cockroaches after many years, they believed that they had the ability to resurrect, so they were placed in the mouth of the deceased, hoping that the deceased could be born again. The Han dynasty "Han Ba ​​Knife" jade 蝉 is very popular among collectors. Because it only uses a few lines to sculpt, the image of 蝉 is vividly depicted, and the lines are concise and straightforward. There are imitations in later generations, but the performance of the "Han Ba ​​Knife" is weak and can no longer be compared with the authentic Han Dynasty.

This jade, jade is fine and white like Ruixue, the gloss is delicate and not impetuous, and it is as gentle as the baby's skin. The shape is simple and elegant, the lines are smooth, but the smoothness is strong. At first glance, I thought that Han Hao, meticulous, found the difference. In comparison, it was found that the shape of the eight-knife jade in the Han Dynasty was wider and thinner. The ridges of the ridges were flat, and the protrusions of the inner lines of the two wings were sleek, but slightly steep, and the width of the tails of the two wings was larger. The turning is hard, the tail is sharp, and there is a little distance from the wings.

In the picture, the shape is slender, the back is more abrupt, the lines inside the wings are natural and smooth, the outside of the wings is small, the lines are smooth, the tail is the same length as the wing tips, and the craft is extremely fine. The ice-shaped red dragonfly on the left side of the head penetrates deep into the muscles, and the veins are obvious. It is very beautiful. Because of its cleverness, it is suspected of being artificial, but it is not overnight. On the surface of the jade, the surface of the jade has a very fine skin texture, which is thinner than the "orange peel" mentioned in the ancient jade. The bottom of the groove is consistent with the patina of the table. Inferred according to its process, color, and pulp, the age should be made in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

Singing and dancing - dancers

The jade dancers in the war and the Han Dynasty expressed the dance form of this period, with long sleeves and ethereal dances. The jade shape of the dancers only appeared in the war and the Han Dynasty, and there were very few other dynasties. Compared with the jade dancers in the Warring States period, the jade dancers in the Han Dynasty had similar appearances, but the differences in carving techniques and expressions were also greater. The Han Dynasty jade dancers have a flat-shaped enamel carving, which shows the character's clothing, body posture, facial features, facial expressions with thin Yinxian lines. The lines are simple, but they are often meticulous. Another round of jade dancers has a more vivid image. The folds, hairstyles and dances of the clothes can make people see the elegant and agile movements of the ancients.

This jade dancer is flat, with one hand on the top of the head, the other hand on the front of the abdomen, the crown on the top of the head, two squats, twisted and twisted, and the long skirt hangs down like a knee. In detail, the clothes are thin and thin, indicating that the sleeves are wrinkled with grooves and the front end of the sleeve has a cross pattern. The five crowns of the face are cut to the ground, and the eyebrows and nose are connected into a "T" shape, small eyes, and mouth. Although the craftsmanship is superb and the image is vivid, there is no such charm as the dancers of the Han Dynasty, and the facial expression is sluggish, which is like the dancers of the Warring States Period. The twilight on the left is too good. Although it is partly deep in jade, it still gives people the feeling of floating on the surface, which is the same as the imitation of the Qing Dynasty.

The author believes that there is a large part of the jade artifacts in the Qing Dynasty, not for the deceit of collectors, because it has many characteristics of its era, for many collectors, it is not difficult to identify, but more Have fun with appreciation. The reason why a large number of antiques appeared in the Qing Dynasty was to reflect the continuation of cultural development at that time, the prosperity of economic power, and the other, the extent of cognition of ancient jade at that time. After nearly two thousand years of development in the Han Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, the inheritance of culture and crafts, is the vein of the inheritance of the Chinese civilization. The Chinese descendants must continue the development of the ancestral culture, when it is impossible to avoid "imitation." A correct view of jade imitations can not only improve the understanding of jade articles of various dynasties, but also the interpretation and understanding of cultural connotations.

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